" Latitude of Nelson House by a mean of several observations taken by J. McNab 55 - 36 - 7 - N

of Sturgeon Creek House 55 - 24 - 12 - N"



" Journal of Mr McNabs Inland Journey from CR
1801"

Aug. 27
" Thursday At 9 AM left the Factory in charge of Mr Auld and set out in a Batteau with a fair wind for Inland - my Crew Halcro Smith, John Charles, And. Flett, WM? Flett, Magnus Flett, John? Wishart Sen., Honeyman Garrock & Henry Garrock at 8 PM put up at Woody Island."

Aug. 28
" Friday Set out at 5 this morng. reached the head of Limestone fall in the eveng where we pafsed the night."

Aug. 29
" Set out early, and after proceeding a mile above the first Carrying place put up late in the eveng."

Aug. 30
" Sunday At 1/2 past 5 got under way this morng, Rain all day stopt us at Grafsey point."

Aug. 31
" Set out at 5 this morng - saw numerous herds of deer during the day Crofsing the river, while the men were at breakfast I run along shore and dropt a deer and fawn at first shot. in the eveng slept on a high bank at the commencement of the great fall Rapids."

Sept. 1 1801
" Water very shoal and rapids numerous left 6 parcels of Cargo to hasten the journey - during this day great numbers of Deer crofsing the river, Running along the shore, pafsed many floating down and laying along shore in a putrid state, having been Stabbed by the Indians, a large tentfull of whom we reached in the eveng above the great fall, the shore above and below their tent ? with the Carcases of deer, many entire others wanting the head or a limb. Gave the Indians tobacco & Brandy for as much Venison as we could take in the boat."

Sept. 2
" Left the Indians early. at noon Came to another tentfull surrounded with many putrid & recent? killed Carcases of Deer - Could take a few tongues only - what a treasure Such plenty would be in Albany River - in the eveng slept a little below 2? Willow fall - heavy rain most part of the day."

Sept. 3
" Before 5 this morng Struck our tents and late in the eveng pitched tents on the point above the first of the four Carrying places. met some Indians who gave us venison."

Sept. 4
" Set out early and at 6 pm was stopped by heavy Rain at the second of the Ten falls."

Sept. 5
" Blows a Storm with heavy Rain which detained us all this day, the first whole day I ever recollect being hindered on an Inland Journey by water before."

Sept. 6
" Sunday Raining at times neverthelefs set out at 7 AM and got over the 8th of the 10 falls late at night. - met two Ind. going to the Factory with furs. sent by them a few lines for Mr Auld. the Ind. afsisted us over a very bad fall."

Sept. 7
" Set out early and before 9 AM set sail at the head of the 10th fall and with a fine breeze reached Jack Creek (two miles above the first Lake) timeously? in the eveng our Steersman and Guide (being the only one among us who was ever up this River before) very ill with a Complaint in his bowels."

Sept. 8
" At 1/2 past 5 got under way and late in the eveng after very hard labour got all over the Second of the five falls, loaded the Batteaus and pitched tents."

Sept. 9
" Before 6 this morng struck tents, after getting all over the 4th fall put up timeously? in the eveng to dry our Blankets &c - Pilot still bad which retards us considerably."

Sept. 10
" Started before 5 and after working briskly during the day Reached the Nward Indian Lake in the eveng - Guide better."

Sept. 11
" Left our lodging at 5 this morng and late in the eveng got all over the Chock carrying place, turned up the Batteau, and found her bottom very bad Several pieces of the boards rotten, put in a piece of new board as well as we could."

Sept. 12
" Before 6 this morning proceeded on our journey and Reached the first narrow in the Nward? Indian Lake 5 miles beyond the launching place - Batteau still leaky."

Sept. 13
" At 5 Struck tents and late in the eveng took our nights lodging half way through the Lake - wind ahead all day made the work laborious."

Sept. 14
" Set out very early this morng, at noon pafsed an Indian tent, the men all out hunting, got a very acceptable supply of provisions from their wives, gave them a drink for themselves and a little to keep for their husbands - in the eveng reached a deserted house built a few years ago where in a small inclosure a little distance off the remains of a faithfull servant (James Brown Steersman) lies interred."

Sept. 15
" Very heavy rain in the night obliged us to unload the Batteau and cover the goods. got under way at 6 this morng at 2 pm came to a tent of Indians who gave us Moose, Beaver & Geese for Brandy and Tob. in return - at 6 in the eveng got all over the ? Carrying place and pitched tents for the night."

Sept 16
" Set out as soon as the men could see their way and late in the eveng put up for the night a mile below the 3rd fall below Nelson House - in the forenoon met two Ind. families in two Canoes going to their hunting grounds having left the house two days ago where they took their winter debts - gave them Tob. and a drink of Grog."

Sept. 17
" Rainy disagreeable weather. set out before 6 at 10 excefsive heavy Rain obliged us to put a Shore where we made a fire and had breakfast. at noon the Rain ceasing a little got under way, an hour after came to a tent of Indians who gave us meat and fat for Brandy & Tob.. procured? two youths to Conduct me in a Canoe expeditiously to the House - 20 miles - set out instantly and Arrived before 9 pm where I found ? Spence Master (late a Cow Keeper at Albany) and one man, the latter lame from a Cut in his leg."

Sept. 18
" Very fine weather the Batteau arrived before 9 this morng. Unloaded her and turned her up for Repairs. the Canadians have a house half a furlong below the site of this, an old servant has been in charge during the summer and has been in great affliction from the gravel and Stone - gave him some Annodyous? for temporary Relief. he expects his Master, a Mr McGilliveray every day - this Mr McGilliveray a few years ago took 3 bundles of furs from your Honors Servants here as payment of a debt due the Canadian Company by a Francois Loyer engaged in our Service (where he still continues) by Mr Stayner, this Francois offered to give Mr McGilliveray goods out of your Honors warehouse equivalent to these he had from the Canadians which Mr McGilliveray would not accept, of course these? furs your honors are still deprived of. a very unfair transaction - Several Canoes of Ind. Came to the House loaded with meat."

Sept. 19
" Indians very troublesome during the night kept us all awake. after Collecting the Old men they all got a Morning Dram and an Advice to be quiet and hunt well during winter - Ordered the Batteaus crew to get ready and before 8 got under way and with the help of the Sail at times Reached a Point beyond where Portland House Stood timeously? in the eveng - left an Old man (John Wishart?) in lieu of Wm Louttit (lame) I was pleased to see the gratitude of my patient the Canadian - he came to the House as I was leaving it - his motives were to stay with our two men in order to prevent the Indians from taking too great liberties from a Supposition of their weaknefs, which the consequences from the additional treat they received gave reason to doubt - they brought a great quantity of dried Moose Meat & fat."

Sept. 20
" Sunday Set out before 6, pafsed through many intricate openings? and Islands during the day, amongst which our guide lost his way Repeatedly, which protracted our days work very considerably. before 7 in the eveng after again finding our way pitched tents 1/2 mile above the Sturgeon or fishing fall - pafsed an Indian tent in the forenoon they traded 3 otter Skins and a Moose Skin for Brandy."

Sept. 21
" Started early this morng a head wind detained us very considerably with hard labour Reached an Island in the eveng 6 miles below Sturgeon Stone."

Sept. 22
" Set out this morng as early as we could see our way and at 11 am Reached Sturgeon Creek House found William & James Oman in Charge - there is one man in the Canadian House a few hundred yards distance he expects his Master and fellow Servants every day - Mr McGilliveray has this and one I left on Saturday last under his direction and Several other out posts on adjacent Lakes."

Sept. 23
" A little after 6 this morng left the House and exchanged John Charles for James Oman, the former to be an afsistant at the House - during the day launched over 3 falls and carried all over a fourth where we put up for the night."

Sept. 24
" Rose early and proceeded to launch the Boat as soon as light. at Noon arrived at a fall which our guide said he would relieve us of by finding a better way, accordingly all hands again went on board and with Sail and Oars proceeded several miles till we reached the head of the Bay, the Guide exclaimed then with much perturbation and anxiety that he did not know where he was, I told him to be easy, a Step I judged necefsary to give him Courage and resolution to Carry us back over the Rapids to Sturgeon Creek for which we instantly beat our Course - to proceed for such a distance at this season on uncertainty would be the highest imprudence - in the eveng Reached the fall we left this morng."

Sept. 25
" Got Boat and Cargoe over the fall timeously? this morng and after launching and carrying over 3 more Reached Sturgeon Creek House at 5 in the eveng."

Sept. 26
" After trimming up an Old Canoe Halcro Smith & Wm Flett set off in her for Nelson House for several Articles Required here - if there was a sizeable Canoe here I would instantly proceed to the Factory, at present must stay till an opportunity occurs for getting to Nelson House by water or travel by land when winter sets in."

Sept. 27
to
Sept. 30
" These several days the men employed in Repairing the Houses, fishing. ? ? Ind. Came this eveng (30th) in a Canoe he landed at the Canadian Key?, hearing of my arrival the conductor? came here after giving Wm Oman a piece of Moose meat he told me he left 3 families yesterday with much meat at their tents, that they wished for us to send a few men to winter where they are as they intend hunting thereabout during the ensuing winter and would in that case bring us the products, they are all indebted to us and the Canadians also, this man tells me he owes Mr McGilliveray 100 Br - he is 50 in our debt - made him ?"

Oct. 1 1801
" William Oman went with the Indian of Yesterday to procure some meat, and learn the intentions of the others that we may act accordingly - the Canadian also went to try what he could get - his house and goods stand now without protection except two or three dogs who are howling after their Master."

Oct. 3
" Plenty of fish from the Nets - the two men of the 26th Ult. returned from Nelson House with the Articles required. Batteaus had not arrived from the Factory - hope no Accident has happened - a few miles below they saw? an Indian who gave them venison and a Bears Skin. the Indian told them if he could find a Moose he would bring it in - they tell me further that Mr McGilliveray with 6 men in a light Canoe arrived at Nelson House, and that there is 2 loaded Canoes & 11 men close at hand."

Oct. 5
" Mr McGilliveray the Canadian trader and 6 men arrived at their House here in a large Canoe with a Considerable quantity of Goods, his House being shut up I invited him to cut up a bit of fine Sturgeon - during the course of Conversation I mentioned to him the transaction related the 18th Ult. he owned it was irregular and said his youth and initability was the only excuse he could make at the same time says the three bundles were tied up separately and an account given in by the Proprietors of the NW Company to the Hudsons Bay House London - Says he saw Mr Tomison as he pafsed Cumberland House a few weeks ago and that my old acquaintances from Albany were well as he pafsed their grounds in the interior Country - that there is many Canadians around us on all quarters and that they are determined to push on in every direction."

Oct. 6
" Freezing hard - sent Halcro Smith and Wm Flett again in a Canoe for Nelson House or to where they may meet the Batteau which I am now very anxious for more particularly as the Canadians are now so numerous and so well provided. Wm Oman and Canadian arrived brought some Moose meat and a few furs, says the Canadian got as much and that they did not see the other Indians but that a Canadian trader came to them and got every thing they had that morning - I neverthelefs intend sending a few men to winter there if they can pofsibly be got up."

Oct. 7
" Sharp weather this morng Mr McGilliveray came on a Visit and intimated his intentions of sending to the Indians mentioned the 1st Inst. and that he had brought goods and men for that purpose. as this was unexpected by me and having no vefsel, materials, or men it was unpleasant. I however told him I afsuredly would also, he seemed disconcerted, and after some conversation it was agreed that neither should send but let the Indians come down and take their own choice. this done I proposed going down to the lower House and proffered him a Seat in my boat if he would supply an equal number of men to carry her down which he agreed to and in the afternoon left the House under the charge of Wm Oman & John Charles to afsist him, James Oman & Honeyman Garrock remain also - Slept opposite to the Duck? portage."

Oct. 8
" Set out at 7 and late in the eveng put up at the Moose Stone, an Indian gave us Swans? and Beaver. - met Halco Smith and 4 men in a Batteau - a pleasant sight - they proceeded for Sturgeon Creek."

Oct. 9
" Early this morng got under way and in the eveng reached within 12 miles of Nelson House."

Oct. 10
" Very fine Weather Set out at day light - at 8 AM Reached Nelson House. as the Weather is so very inviting I mean to set out for the Factory as soon as I can put my intentions in atrain? here, and Send or Return in winter."

Oct. 11
" Sunday At 6 this morng left Nelson House and proceeded to the Factory in a Batteau, my Crew - Francois Loyer, And. Flett, Mag. Flett, Hugh Flett, Tho. Sinclair & John Louttit, pafsed an Indian tent, and Rec'd Moose meat from them, in the eveng Slept 12 miles below Patshewanaw? House"

Oct. 12
" At day break proceeded on our journey and with a fine breeze got 14 miles below the great Lake House?"

Oct. 13
" Cold weather frost and Snow set out as soon as we could see and with a help of the Sail at times got within 8 miles of Wethenicksons? fall."

Oct. 14
" Very early struck tents - in the afternoon a Gale of wind stopped us two miles below the Okenk? Carrying place - much snow fell."

Oct. 15
" Blowing very hard in our favor spread as much sail as our vefsel could carry during the day, late in the eveng put up at the 4th of the 5 falls - freezing very hard."

Oct. 16
" Got all over the fall and launched the Boat at day break. late at night decamped at the Willow Islands 5 miles above the 10 falls - freezing hard."

Oct. 17
" Signs of winter approach fast set out at break of day, Oars &c incrusted with Ice - after dark reached an Old House where Mr Ashley? wintered."

Oct. 18
" Sunday Weather very sharp and severe - Ice forming fast in the river. late at night pitched tents 6 or 8 miles below the great fall Rapids."

Oct. 19
" Much Ice driving in the River. set out at day light with some difficulty in pushing through the Ice reached Musquito point within sight of the factory after hauling the Boat to a place of safety walked along Shore to the factory with one of the men where we arrived at 7 pm found Mr Auld and all there well."

---

"Journal of a journey to York Factory"

Dec. 14 1801
" Sharp weather with Snow and drift prevented our setting out till 9 AM when in Company with John Forbes, Wm Irvine & two Ind. we started and past one in the Afternoon put up two miles from the Statchikan Ridge - 3 dogs with two common sleds & one of a Siberian form Completes our Retinue."

Dec. 15
" Very Cold weather. the Spirits, Rum & Brandy, in our Keggs congealed to such a degree as neither would drop till heated at a fire. began travelling before 7 AM and at 2 in the Afternoon made our lodging 8 miles beyond the E ern Creek - Cape Churchill appears on our left hand."

Dec. 16
" Not so cold as Yesterday blows and drifts from WNW. set out at day break - At noon bad weather forced us to make our Hut a little beyond the tent poles where Mr Stayner slept last year."

Dec. 17
" At 1/2 past 6 this morng left our quarters and before 2 pm put up at Whale Creek - Crofsed White Whale Lake - seems large & deep - Ind. Says it obtained the name from a White Whale having been seen in it."

Dec. 18
" Departed at 1/2 past 5 this morng after one pm stopt for the night 6 miles from Owl River. pafsed Broad, or Katamistacuk River of considerable breadth, very shoal, stones numerous, acrofs its channel Uncovered with Snow or Ice - here the Bay presented itself by the Copious evaporation from the open water which the Indians say seems nearer than usual - a little beyond this river is Reckoned half way to York Factory."

Dec. 19
" Set out at 6 this morng, a few hours after bad weather drove us to a bluff of woods where we were glad to stop and prepare our nights lodging after travelling 9 miles - Crofsed Owl River - banks high & steep."

Dec. 20
" Before 7 this morng proceeded on our journey and after 3 pm made our Hut at a Small Creek 10 Miles from Sams Creek - many Martin and Fox tracks."

Dec. 21
" Set out at 7 this morng very heavy travelling among small junipers in the Afternoon. put up for the night near to where they have annually a hunting tent from York Factory."

Dec. 22
" At 4 this morng left our Hut. on reaching Nelson River, found it open as at Midsummer, after walking many miles along its banks we at last found Ice where we judged it might be crofsed with safety and accordingly directed our course to the nearest south shore which we kept till our arrival at the site of Flamborough House very tired - Several of the stockades still standing and the Ruins of a Brick oven still points out its former use."

Dec. 23
" Set out early and in the eveng Reached the Factory found Mr Ballenden and all well there - numerous herds of deer about them in the fall, makes the winter comfortable to all."

---

"The 5th Jan. 1802 left York and arrived at Churchill the 13th idem? - very cold weather during the journey."

---

"Remarks in a journey from Churchill Factory to Nelson House and Sturgeon Creek - 1802"

Feb. 17 1802
" This morng at 6 Am left the Factory in charge of Mr Auld and with John Forbes, Magnus Randall and an Indian and two dogs set out for Inland, the Indian is to conduct us part of the way, John Forbes part - and we undertake to find the remainder by course and distance on a chart - at 2 pm put up for the night - 18 miles from the Factory"

Feb. 18
" Began travelling at 1/2 past 5 am and a little before 2 pm made our hut at a Creek entering the river above the Woody Islands."

Feb. 19
" At 6 this morng renewed our travels. a few hours after a Storm drove us to a hammock of woods where we was glad to take shelter and make our nights lodging - much snow fell."

Feb. 20
" Before 7 this morng proceeded on our journey and after 3 pm put up for the night on a hill, the first rising ground since we left the factory."

Feb. 21
" Sunday Set out at 7 this morng, walked over a high hill which the Indians say trends? toward Brandy Creek. Crofsed 3 small Lakes and at 3 pm stopt for the night."

Feb. 22
" At 7 this morng proceeded on our journey. during the day Crofsed several small Lakes and a ridge of hills which trend toward the great fall and forms that chain of Cataracts."

Feb. 23
" Left our nights lodging at 7 AM at 9 entered ? house Lake, 5 miles acrofs between the Island and House, two other small Lakes in our days march - at 3 pm stopt for the night at a small Creek."

Feb. 24
" Mild Snowy weather. at 7 am Continued our travels at 9 came to Beaver River - heavy walking - many deer tracks - saw a Br House - at 2 pm made our nights residence."

Feb. 25
" Began travelling at 7 am a little before 10 left Br River - Kept a more Sly Course - saw 2 Br houses - made our Hut at 2 pm."

Feb. 26
" As soon as we could see to travel proceeded on our journey - at Noon Crofsed a considerable Lake and a short time after made our Hut. Our guide (the Indian) says the river is near and went to trace the shortest way for us to morrow - late in the eveng he Returned - about mid day saw signs of Ind. at the edge of a Small Lake."

Feb. 27
" Proceeded on our journey before sun Rise - Came to the River in 3 hours after. - Our Indian Pilot has now performed his undertaking. the 5 falls are 16 miles above - River very ? - Ice hove in heaps which makes walking very unpleasant and fatiguing, the dogs feel it severely - Stopt for the night 3 miles above Jack Creek."

Feb. 28
" Sunday Soft snowy weather, this added to the rough Ice in our road makes hauling extremely laborious, therefore stopped here for the day, sent the two men up the river to see how it appears above, and make a better path for to morrows procedure. at the same time the Ind. went in search for those ment'd the 26th Inst to endeavour to procure a guide, as the abilities of these we have to depend on are doubtful, he returned without succefs in the eveng, when the men also came back and say the road is better above."

Mar. 1 1802
" Snow and drift all day. set out early and in the eveng made our Hut a little below the 4th of the 5 falls - river open at the second and continues so in the middle - good travelling along the edge of the open water."

Mar. 2
" Continued our travels before Sun Rise and an Hour before he set put up in a Bay in view of the 2d Ripple below the House Mr Flew wintered in last year."

Mar. 3
" Set out as soon as we could see our way, at noon reached the old house, and in the eveng slept 8 miles beyond - saw a herd of deer in the morng."

Mar. 4
" Much snow fell last night travelling very laborious which commenced at sun rise - late in the eveng slept at the Chock Carrying place - Several deer tracks."

Mar. 5
" Left our lodging before sun rise - very heavy travelling - in the afternoon made our hut two miles below the Sward Ind. Lake fall."

Mar. 6
" Blows a Gale right ahead, soon after day light set out, an hour after came to a tent of Nward Indians in great poverty living on the few Pike they Angle. none of them would consent to accompany us, which I was anxious for as the Capacity of my guides become more and more suspicious, already they have shewn repeated signs of ignorance - they gave us a few Pike and had some Tobacco - stopt near the Crofsing place in the Lake."

Mar. 7
" Sunday At sun rise left our Hut and in the eveng stopt for the night, a little above a Point where Goods was left some years ago - half way through the Lake."

Mar. 8
" Started at day break and after travelling till near noon our guide doubted his way and wished to examine other openings which are numerous in all directions among Islands around us, we therefore stopt made a fire and had a refreshment, in an hour he returned still uncertain but said we might try to proceed - I told him we would endeavour to angle some Pike till he thought by a further examination we could with certainty go on. our small stock of provisions for ourselves and dogs demanded this precaution, after taking some food he set out and now at midnight is not returned, our situation is very unpleasant - we had 25 days provisions from the Factory, it is 20 days since, our stock of food is of course very small - One Pike."

Mar. 9
" At day light sent his companion in search of our guide they returned before sun rise still uncertain of the road, the Guide wishes to make another attempt to find our way. I desired him to repose himself a few hours (having been travelling all night) while we try to angle some fish. stopt till 10 AM without succefs then roused our Pilot and all returned to a Point we pafsed yesterday which he says he knows leads the right way, from hence he again revived? his research while we made a lodging for the night and tried in vain to angle Pike - he came back in 3 hours and says he cannot attempt going on, a disagreeable report in our present state - 6 days should take us to our journeys end, we cannot expect to reach the Factory in lefs than 19 or 20 and have only 4 days food to do it with, though this only must now be attempted, and in the speediest manner, therefore began preparations instantly by making an exact division of our Victuals and each to take care of his own. it amounts to 5 pints of Biscuit, 4 lbs Bacon, 4 lbs Oatmeal, 1 lb flour and 3 lb Pimecan for each man besides 6 lb Pimecan for the 2 dogs - this done we went to bed and pafsed the night as comfortably as we could."

Mar. 10
" Began our return to the factory before day - heavy hearted and Continued travelling till fatigued with heat then stopt till near sun set, when after lefsening our stock of food kept walking till midnight and again lost our way - after reaching the woods made a fire and lay down in the Snow and slept sound till morng."

Mar. 11
" Very Sharp weather, Snow & Drift. As soon as we could trace? our path? took the Ind. with me in one direction, the Guide chose another to find our way - I soon fortunately found our old track when proceeding above, and immediately returned for our Companions who were soon found, and proceeded cheerly together and arrived at our quarters of the 6th Inst. where we spent another night consoling ourselves for this lofs of time as well as we could."

Mar. 12
" Fine weather. set out before day - in the eveng put up in our Hut of the 5th Inst. - pafsed the tent (now empty) where we saw Ind. as mentioned the 6th Inst. - very sorry for their departure as we expected a few fish from them, which at present would be extremely acceptable. fortunately the dogs found some Pike livers about the Tent, these (after giving them a share) we carefully gathered from under the snow which gave our evenings meal the name of a supper - the Indians angled two Pike here."

Mar. 13
" Pleasant weather. set out before day - travelled till noon when the heat obliged us to stop a few hours when we again travelled till sun set, and near Sandy Point made our lodging for the night, our Indian companion staid behind and fortunately angled 5 Pike which he brought before midnight - they made us a fine supper."

Mar. 14
" Sunday Set out early and in the eveng put up 6 miles below where Mr Flew wintered last year - here we providentially found some Deers fat of his preparation which was secreted last summer - a treasure of the highest value to us."

Mar. 15
" Stopt this day to repair Sleds and Snow Shoes and made the best ? we could of yesterdays Viands - the Dogs also participate in the feeling of Plenty."

Mar. 16
" Went off at day break, at Noon Crofsed some fresh deer tracks our Indian went instantly after them, while we proceeded a little further to wait for him - he soon returned to us with the Leg and Heart of a deer and told us he had killed two a little distance off - with one of the men I accompanied to the spot and brought all to our lodging, which the other man in the mean time had provided - we now regaled ourselves with variety and slept sound."

Mar. 17
" Here we Continued this day, drying Venison and living sumptuously - the dogs also have plenty and show signs of the agreeable change."

Mar. 18
" At day light departed and near our nights residence of the 27 Ult. stopt for the night."

Mar. 19
" Set out at day break and slept in our Hut of the 26th Ult."

Mar. 20
" Mild weather which makes very heavy travelling. in the afternoon made our nights lodging near that of the 25th Ult., pafsed several deer tracks."

Mar. 21
" Sunday Snow and drift stopt us some hours. very heavy walking. in the eveng reached our quarters of the 24th Ult."

Mar. 22
" Sharp weather went a way before sun rise and in the afternoon slept at our nights residence of the 23d Ult."

Mar. 23
" a Very Cold morng set out soon after day light and 2 miles beyond our Hut of the 22d Ult. put up."

Mar. 24
" Set out at sun rise - with much difficulty our Indian guide can trace our old path - heavy travelling - walked 5 miles beyond our residence of the 21st Ult. and slept there."

Mar. 25
" Blows a Gale ? NW Snow and drift. Set out at sun rise and in the afternoon put up 9 miles beyond the lodging of the 20th Ult. - after our lodging was prepared and a fire made, Halcro Smith and an Indian came to us on their way for Inland where I wanted to go (having lost their own path and found ours) from the Letters they bring which Mr Auld expected would find me Inland I find affairs there in need of inspection - therefore instantly formed a Resolution to make a second attempt - wrote a few lines to Mr Auld and prepared for setting out early to morrow, the stock of provisions will be small for 4 instead of 2 as I must take a dog, but as we left deers fat in our way the 16th & 18th Inst. we cannot starve."

Mar. 26
" Snow and drift. set out early with Halcro Smith and his companion for Inland. a dog accompanies to haul my necefsaries, Left my late Companions ready to go to the Factory which they will reach to morrow - in the eveng slept in our lodging of the 24th Inst."

Mar. 27
" Before sun rise took our departure in the eveng stopt at our residence of the 23d Inst."

Mar. 28
" Sunday Very sharp weather. set out early and soon after entering Br river put up for the night."

Mar. 29
" Very fine travelling and we are exerting ourselves to the utmost. after beginning early we walked till near night and slept in our Hut of the 20th Inst. - thus yesterday and to day we have gained a days march."

Mar. 30
" Charming weather. went off very early and in the eveng reached the edge of the River - 20 Miles below the 5 falls."

Mar. 31
" Very heavy walking which fatigues us much - set out at day light and in the afternoon stopt for the night at the Grafsy Carrying place a little above the 1st of the 5 falls."

Apr. 1 1802
" Heavy Snow Sleet and Rain neverthelefs set out at sunrise and in the Afternoon reached the spot where we secured some fat the 18th Ult. to our sorrow the Wolvereens or other Animals had destroyed it. a disappointment of serious concern in our condition - travelled hungry and ? a few miles further and then put up."

Apr. 2
" Sharp weather fine travelling began very early - At noon came to where we left some fat of the 16th Ult. here we were more fortunate than yesterday found all safe and we are satisfied and cheerfull, after securing it on our Sleds - again set out and slept two Miles above Mr Flews old House."

Apr. 3
" Pleasant weather. set out very early and travelled as long as were we able for heat - pafsed the night a mile below the Chock fall."

Apr. 4
" Sunday fine travelling began at day break - in the Afternoon reached the Canoe Carrying place in the Sward Indian Lake."

Apr. 5
" Set out some hours before day and put up for the night early at Jack Creek."

Apr. 6
" At sun rise this morng proceeded on our way and slept in our nights lodging of the 9th Ult."

Apr. 7
" Set out several hours before day and put up for the night at Upatshiwanaw? opposite the old House."

Apr. 8
" Resumed? our travels as soon as yesterday and in the eveng reached the Weed Portage where we slept. - Weather hot at midday for some time past."

Apr. 9
" Much open water prevented our journeying till day - in the eveng reached the Painted Stone and stopt for the night a few miles beyond it."

Apr. 10
" Started soon after midnight, and before noon reached the first Lake below Nelson House got some Pike and a Cat from Indians."

Apr. 11
" Very warm towards noon. Staid till eveng repairing our Sleds Snow Shoes &c and about 10 PM reached Nelson House, with much satisfaction, after a journey of 54 days of which I travelled 51, at the lowest estimation 1000 miles distance, an extent and duration never exceeded perhaps never equalled by a Winters journey of one outset in Hudsons Bay - during that time I slept not under a roof of any kind, not even an Indian tent - Several Indians drunk in the House and going promiscuously to the Canadians who take every opportunity in their power to seize the Skins the Ind. would bring us."

Apr. 12
" ? this day and examining the state of Stock, previous to our setting out for Sturgeon Creek - men after various Indians, in the eveng one came with 50 Br in furs and a little meat, from Reports here, addrefsed the following lines to Mr McGilliveray -
Sir
I am informed some of the Hudsons Bay Companys Contracted servants under my direction have left their employ at Isle a le Crofs and have entered (if not been forced) into that of the NW Company. one of these is Circumstanced similar to Francois Loyer a few years ago - yourself formed a precedent, your proprietary sanctioned it, of course I afsume a right to demand in behalf of my Honorable Masters a restitution in amount proportionate to the exaction? extorted by yourself and accepted by yours - I request your sentiments in writing, afterwards shall be happy of your company over a Cup of Tea this evening.
I am your Humble Servt.
John McNab

MrJohn McGilliveray
Nelson House 12th Apr. 1802

A few hours afterwards I received his answer which shall be transmitted to your Honors."

Apr. 13
" Examined the state of stock in Warehouse - two of the men of yesterday brought 40 Br in prime furs."

Apr. 14
" Soon after day light left the House with Halcro Smith & Henry Garrock in company for Sturgeon Creek - in the Afternoon made our Hut near the Three points."

Apr. 15
" Set out before day, broke one of the sleds in a thicket of woods which detained us some time repairing, put up for the night in the middle of the crofsing point below Bloodstone fall."

Apr. 16
" Three hours before day Continued our march and before noon prepared our nights lodging at the old Canadian House on Duck Lake."

Apr. 17
" Soon after midnight set out and before 9 AM reached Sturgeon Creek, John Charles and two men well, very little trade only 2 Ind. has Visited them during the winter and one of these the Canadians pillaged of most of his winter hunt."

Apr. 18
" Sunday Mild weather early in the morng John Charles and one of his Canadian neighbours set out for Wm Omans with a Letter - I had ordered one of our own men but the Canadian saying he was to follow I detained the man, travelling on the river is now very dangerous to inexperienced people, wrote as follows to a Mr Campbell who has used Wm Oman very ill

Mr Campbell
It is reported to me that you behaved to Wm Oman in a manner inconsistent with equity and humanity - It is thus particularized - that after he had got some furs from an Indian you took them from him by force, and used him in a very unwarantable and violent manner - I am sure you will allow he is not only a good natured, but also a weak inoffensive man, surely many of your proprietors will not commend such actions, more particularly thereto, you had from him 5 skeins of Twine an article efsential for your existence - I hope for your answer which it is my duty to lay before the Honble Hudsons Bay Company.
I am your Humble Servt.
John McNab."

Apr. 19
" Heavy rain at times - Surface of the Lake covered with water men hauling the net without succefs."

Apr. 23
" The 20 & 21 very cold with drift and snow. yesterday and to day very warm. 5 Swans seen yesterday and 3 Geese and a Plover to day. John Charles returned from Wm Omans this morng who is also getting little trade he has a Canadian neighbour at his door, another 3 days off on one side with 15 men and 3 Canoes and a few days walk a third on another direction."

May 8 1802
" To the 4th Inst. summer seemed begun, vegetation going rapidly on and the usual migratory visitants of the season accompanying the pleasing change and many entertaining us with their warbling harmony - four days since Winter has again changed the Scene, thrown his flaxen robe over our limited prospects and universal silence reigns, and now how dead the Vegetable kingdom lies! how dumb the tunefull! - during these two weeks have caught 30 Sturgeon the Ising glafs is attentively prepared - Killed 10 Geese, 12 ducks & a Swan. On the 27th Ult. sent a Man with a Letter to Wm Oman, a Canadian accompanied him - the warm weather has prevented his return as many places of the river is open - some days ago the two men here placed rollers on the next launching place above."

May 17
" Winter Continued till the 11th when fine weather set in and Continues. summer going rapidly on, Aspin trees covered with blofsoms, and Musquitoes beginning to trouble us - no signs of Indians - 9 Sturgeon 1 Goose & 6 Ducks since the 8th Inst. Lake open in Spots - took the nets up the 15th - two Canadians neighbours to Wm Oman came to their companions here this eveng."

May 21
" Set out early the 18th Inst in a Canoe with Halcro Smith and Jos? Garrock for Wm Omans house. about 4 pm Came to a Lake choaked with Ice where we stopt - on the 19th found an opening which lead us to near where my Guide lost his way last fall. Ice again stopt our proceeding, on the 20th tried in vain to go what we thought the right road, stopt a few hours examining the entrance we first doubted last Sept. my Pilot now as then says he never was in it before, thus disagreeably placed, we again returned for the House, put new Rollers on one of the launching places and slept there, and this day completed all the Launches to Sturgeon Creek where we arrived in the eveng."

May 22
" Blows a Gale Wly this morng the Canadians set out for Nelson House where their Master and companions are - from thence they take their departure for the Grand Portage - 5 men in all from here with a Large & small Canoe - their acquisition here and at Wm Omans. 5 Bundles of furs - two hours after they set out one of them returned with the melancholy news of one of their Companions being drowned in the small Canoe when taking up their nets - requesting if his body was found to have it interred, which humane attention I promised would be performed - in the evening Wm Flett and Honeyman Garrock arrived in a Canoe from Wm Omans - trade there Little more than 400 Br a small aquirement, but when compared with that of the Canadians, there is little room for Complaint. Wm Flett was in company with Wm Oman when Campbell treated him in an unjust manner as alluded to the 18th Ult. - I mean to question Flett concerning it, such an action I cannot overlook, particularly when the parties are so near, the case of such moment to your Honors concern, and the hopes of everyone of your servants now here resting on my attention thereto."

May 24
" Yesterday and this cool weather. at noon John Charles, Halcro Smith & Honeyman Garrock set out in a Canoe for Wm Omans, Halcro Smith to bring the trade from thence and the men. - John Charles proceeds to the Frog Portage with a Letter to the first officer in the NW Companys concern there and one with? Mr Charles relating to the men who have left your Honors Service and gone to the Canadians - Wm Flett was interrogated this morng concerning Mr Campbells behaviour to Wm Oman, the particulars will be transmitted to the committee - it is an action of abhorrence committed in the presence of Savages, what an example to them, and what must they think of these who profefs Christianity, and so notoriously disgrace the name - had Wm Oman been a man of Spirit and stimulated by pafsion had deprived Campbell of life rather than parted with his masters property, how far he would have been found culpable by the laws of his Country I know not - such an occurence I am told has happened this winter in the interior of York, with a trader of the Old, and one of the new NW Companys, that of the former was shot dead by him of the latter - I am sensible of your Honors pacific desires, and shall act accordingly, but if these ignorant or depraved Characters, should think this? humanity to be a pusilanimity, what consequences may be doubted prejudicial to your interest and what dejection take place among your servants; if your Honors thought the present illegal action worthy of representation to Mefs McTavish, Forbisher and Co. it would give confidence to your servants, might be a check to prevent such daring and disgracefull actions in future and obtain that security and respect to those in your employ which they merit, and the laws of their country entitle them to - the Letter sent by John Charles as follows.

Sir
Understanding you to be the first officer in the Concern of Mefs McTavish, Forbisher & Co. at Isle a la Crofs that I am informed of several of the Honble Hudsons Bay Companys servants under my direction having been engaged in your service before the expiration of their agreements with my predecefsor - I wrote to Mr John McGilliveray concerning it. I send you a duplicate thereof and his Answer thereto; According to his precedent and sentiments I can require either the men, or property from you equivalent to his claim and retention, this duty demands in behalf of my Honble Masters and doubt not but your proprietory will admit its equity. - None in this Service Can call themselves free till the expiration of a year or 12 months after a renewed servitude commences - Thus the Servants from Orkney can be free in Aug. or Sept. only. - The penalty individuals are liable to from breach of contract or agreement is two years wages exclusive of damages &c.
I expect your determination and answer and wish you a pleasant voyage to the Grand Portage and good news there.
I am your Humble Servant
John McNab

Mr McTavishes answer to the above will be sent to the Committee in the Packet."

May 29
" The Batteau arrived from Wm Oman with 10 Bundles of furs and some leather. Wm Oman is gone to the Frog portage with John Charles as ment'd the 24th Inst. - Yesterday two Canoes of Ind. came in with 50 Br they have traded in winter with the Canadians and are deep in debt here - 16 Canoes of Ind. followed the Batteaus, they procured Wm Omans trade, are come to resolve where they will hunt next winter that we may be prepared accordingly - they brought a few furs collected on their journey down, they have got a treat of Brandy and Tobacco and are now rejoicing."

May 30
" Sunday Early this morng repaired the Batteau, and at 6 AM set out for Nelson House the Crew 6 Europeans & an Indian - Cargo 17 Bundles of furs. in the eveng stopt 4 miles above Loon River - left Halcro Smith in charge"

May 31
" Blows a breeze? right ahead set out before sun rise and put up late at the Island fall."

June 1 1802
" Wind still against us got under way an hour before sun rise and at 7 pm reached Nelson house several Ind. waiting my arrival. Mr Spence and men well and a New House and neat apartment nearly finished for me - Mr McGilliveray went off for the Grand Portage yesterday has left two men in charge of his House here, and two others of his men, Mr Spence tells me have left his Service in hopes of engaging in ours - I am informed a Trader from York has wintered a short distance from hence, and that several Indian debtors here are gone there - have therefore engaged an Indian to conduct Mr Flew to the House with a List of these who may Stroll that way and if pofsible recover the debts. he will return by a Lake where a Canadian party has wintered repeatedly without opposition."

June 5
" On the 2d Mr Flew and an Old Indian man set out on discovery. 2 men went to repair the launching place next? the House and set nets for fish, now their only dependance for food - Mr Spence in great pain and danger from a Complaint in his bowels - Indians drinking & troublesome - I understand one of the Runaway Canadians have stole the only Canoe belonging to us is gone towards the factory - An old man now here also refused accompanying his master to the Grand Portage."

June 12
" Mr Spence better - Mr Flew returned with a description of his Journey, his companion brought a few furrs killed on the expedition - 6 men has been off several days fishing for themselves 20 miles off - the few men here living very sparingly - no fish to be got near the House till yesterday Ind. brought 20 fine Sturgeon - this eveng the old Canad'n ment'd the 5th Inst. came and offered his service, saying he had left his former master - I told him I would not make any agreement till I heard from Mefs Charles & Linklater."

June 13
" Early this morng Mr Flew and Indian companion set out on purpose to explore the way to Hatchet Lake and if pofsible proceed further to the borders of the Athapusca"

June 14
" This morng John Charles arrived from the Grand Portage and Halcro Smith with him from Sturgeon Creek, they brought 100 Br. collected there by the latter since I left it, John Charles delivered Mr McTavish? answer to my Letter of the 24th Ult. - John tells me he saw Campbell that he acknowledged the receipt of a Letter from me but has sent no answer - Mr McTavish told him our men would soon be down from Isle a la Crofs and that their trade was small, this I found verified in the eveng by Mr Charles' arrival - three Batteaws - only 21 Bundles of furs. Mr Linklater and 9 men is left at the Houses above where the Canad'ns are numerous and powerfull."

June 16
" At 10 am left Nelson House in Company with Mr Charles and 12 men 2 Batteaws - following 3 Batteaws and 15 men who were dispatched yesterday - all the furs on board, one of the Canadians mentioned the 1st Inst. as a deserter accompanied us in a Canoe with his wife and Children - it was late before he reached our quarters in the eveng, finding he cannot keep company told him he might return to morrow - he has agreed to stay one year at such wages as his services may be judged worthy of, and free to go to his former master when he pleases."

June 17
" Set out at sun rise - sent a few lines to Mr Spence by the returng Canadian - pafsed two Ind. tents got dry Geese and Beaver for some Tobacco & Ammunition, at sun set pitched tents on the Weed portage."

June 18
" Before sun rise took our departure - pafsed several Nd Indians during the day - rec'd upwards of 60 Br. in pay't of Factory debts - here the other Canadian deserter made his appearance, requesting to enter our service and to go with us to the factory, thus? from the situation in he was in I could not deny - took him on board and after giving the Ind. a drink & Tob., they went to enjoy themselves and we set out and slept in the Sward Ind. Lake."

June 19
" Set out at Sun Rise at noon fell in with 14 Canoes of Nd Ind. they followed us to near Wathenisksons? fall where we was stopt by Ice - here they paid near 300 Br factory debts, told me several of them had been at the York House Mr Flew visited and traded a considerable number of furs, they told me of several more of their neighbours being there - gave them Brandy & Tob."

June 20
" Sunday Indians troublesome at our departure for more Brandy. at noon overtook the Boats that left the House before us and left them at the Chock carrying place - near sun set stopt for the night near Mr Flews old House."

June 21
" Before Sun Rise got under way and late in the eveng got the Boats over the last of the 5 falls."

June 22
" Got the Boats loaded early and set out - in the eveng pitched tents at the 4th of the 10 falls."

June 23
" Set out before sun rise - one of the Boats stove on a fall detained us a few hours for repairs - a little before sun set put up ? the night at Geese? House."

June 24
" At sun rise departed and after sun set reached the ? fails? where we slept."

June 25
" Set out at two this morng on purpose to catch the tide and at 7 am reached the factory."

July 8 1802
" By Mr Charles who this day set out for Isle a la Crofs and Beaver River I sent the following answer to Mr McTavishs' Letter of the 14th Ult.

Churchill Factory 8th July 1802
Sir
I received yours of the 6th June which will be transmitted to the Committee of the Honble Hudsons Bay Company. you have made no reply to the Claim against the two men; if you reject it, can your exprefsion "I cannot in justice to my Collegues? turn them out of doors" be reconciled with the measures your Co. adopted in the Case of Francois Loyer?[his question mark] Is not his the instance referred to of our opposite conduct?[again his] if that action will admit the name of fair dealings, have not the Honble Hudsons Bay Company a right to expect your observance of a precedent formed by yourselves.
I am very sorry any in this service officer or man should give reason for such ? as breaking of stores &c. such actions are strictly prohibited by our direction and are contrary to the annual Orders their Chief and officers receive from them, how far you have a right to afsume Authority to punish (as in the case of Halcro Smith last year) previous to legal evidence I cannot say. it surely would have been no lefs just if the offence had been represented to the Chief and Council here previous to the adoption of such a step.
I send you a case of the behaviour of a Mr Campbell (a duplicate is sent home) to William Oman last winter.
Two Canadian servants left their master at Nelson House last May, on requesting to enter this service their petitions were rejected till the receipt of your Letter. - They are agreed on the exprefs condition that they return to complete their engagements, if demanded, by their former Masters. the journey to the Grand Portage being by their accounts the only part of their servitude still due.
I am your Humble Servant
John McNab.
[to]
Mr D. McTavish
Isle a la Crofs."


Reel 1M33 B.42/a/127

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